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Welcome to Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.2,435,560 articles in EnglishArtsBiographyGeographyHistoryMathematicsScienceSocietyTechnologyAll portalsOverview · Editing · Questions · HelpContents · Categories · Featured content · A–Z indexToday’s featured articleConatus is a term used in early philosophies of psychology and metaphysics to refer to an innate inclination of a thing to continue to exist and enhance itself. This “thing” may be mind, matter or a combination of both. Over the millennia, many different definitions and treatments have been formulated by philosophers. The most important of these include the seventeenth century philosophers René Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, and Gottfried Leibniz, along with their Empiricist contemporary Thomas Hobbes. The conatus may refer to the instinctual “will to live” of animals or to various metaphysical theories of motion and inertia. Often the concept is associated with God’s will in a pantheist view of Nature. The concept may be broken up into separate definitions for the mind and body, or even split up when discussing centrifugal force or inertia. After its formulation in ancient Greece, successive philosophers to adopt the term put their own personal twist on the concept, each developing the term differently such that it now has no concrete and universally accepted definition. Today, conatus is rarely used in the technical sense, since modern physics and evolutionary biology use concepts such as inertia and conservation of momentum that have superseded it. It has, however, been a notable influence on nineteenth and twentieth-century thinkers such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Louis Dumont and Arthur Schopenhauer. (more…)Recently featured: Oxidative phosphorylation – The General in His Labyrinth – Imperial Trans-Antarctic ExpeditionArchive – By email – More featured articles…Did you know…From Wikipedia’s newest articles:… that the French Protestant Church in Brighton (pictured), one of only two in England, is expected to close this year?… that anthropologist David Zolotarev’s 1930 study of the ethnic tribes of the northern Russian Lake Imandra region determined they did not understand Soviet-style “socialist construction”?… that the Miss Great Britain Party is a British political movement which campaigns to make politics “sexy not sleazy”?… that a 3D model artist for The Matrix Reloaded went on to participate in the fangame project Chrono Resurrection?… that Vin americanii! (”The Americans are coming!”) was a slogan used by Romanians in the 1940s and ’50s to express their hope that a US intervention would topple the Communist regime?… that a Jueju, a type of Chinese poem, is a quatrain with either five or seven characters per line?… that in the six months after the Beerhouse Act was passed in England in 1830, nearly 25,000 new licenses to open pubs, taverns and alehouses were issued?… that D’Oyly Carte Opera Company star Donald Adams could only perform in his own Gilbert and Sullivan for All theatre group on his nights off?… that the 1971 film Sentinels of Silence featured Orson Welles narrating the English version and Ricardo Montalban narrating the Spanish version?Archive – Start a new article…In the newsRobert Mugabe (pictured) is sworn in for his sixth term as President of Zimbabwe after a controversial run-off presidential election in which opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai withdrew his candidacy due to election-related violence.Spain wins the European Football Championship, defeating Germany 1–0 in the final through a goal by Fernando Torres.Serbian President Boris Tadić names Mirko Cvetković as the new Prime Minister following the parliamentary election held in May.Pakistan holds by-elections, with the contest for one seat delayed by the Supreme Court until it can handle the appeal of disqualified candidate Nawaz Sharif, former Prime Minister and leader of the Pakistan Muslim League (N).In District of Columbia v. Heller, the United States Supreme Court rules that the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects an individual’s right to bear arms, with possible consequences for existing gun control laws.New Zealand agrees to hand over forestry assets to seven Maori tribes as part of the reconciliation process.The state government of India’s Jammu and Kashmir has rebuked the decision to transfer forested land to Amarnath shrine following wide protests across the state.Wikinews – Recent deaths – More current events…On this day…July 1: Canada Day1520 – Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire: Conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés (pictured) were nearly annihilated in the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, and barely succeeded in escaping by night.1569 – The Union of Lublin was signed, merging the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.1867 – The British North America Act came into effect, uniting the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia into the Canadian Confederation.1916 – World War I: The first day of the Battle of the Somme became the bloodiest day in the history of the British Army, with 57,470 casualties of which 19,240 were killed or died of wounds.1997 – The United Kingdom transferred sovereignty of Hong Kong to the People’s Republic of China, ending over 150 years of British colonial rule.More events: June 30 – July 1 – July 2Archive – By email – More anniversaries…It is now 05:41, July 1, 2008 (UTC) – Refresh this pageToday’s featured pictureColonel Theodore Roosevelt of the Rough Riders, a regiment of volunteers in the United States Army. Under Roosevelt’s leadership, the Rough Riders became famous for dual charges up Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill on July 1, 1898. On leaving the Army, Roosevelt was elected governor of New York in 1898. He was then chosen to be William McKinley’s vice-presidential running mate in the 1900 election. Roosevelt then succeeded to the presidency upon McKinley’s assassination in 1901.Photo credit: B. J. FalkRecently featured: Double O Arch – “The Two Platforms” – Buffalo SoldiersArchive – More featured pictures…