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Welcome to Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.2,339,919 articles in EnglishArtsBiographyGeographyHistoryMathematicsScienceSocietyTechnologyAll portalsOverview · Editing · Questions · HelpContents · Categories · Featured content · A–Z indexToday’s featured articleReactive attachment disorder (RAD) is the diagnostic term for severe and relatively uncommon disorders of attachment that can affect children. RAD is characterized by markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate ways of relating socially in most contexts. It can take the form of a persistent failure to initiate or respond to most social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way—known as the “inhibited” form—or can present itself as indiscriminate sociability, such as excessive familiarity with relative strangers—known as the “disinhibited form”. RAD arises from a failure to form normal attachments to primary caregivers in early childhood. Such a failure could result from severe early experiences of neglect, abuse, abrupt separation from caregivers between the ages of six months and three years, frequent change of caregivers, or a lack of caregiver responsiveness to a child’s communicative efforts. The criteria for a diagnosis of a reactive attachment disorder are very different from the criteria used in assessment or categorization of attachment styles such as insecure or disorganized attachment. Children with RAD are presumed to have grossly disturbed internal working models of relationships which may lead to interpersonal and behavioral difficulties in later life. There are few studies of long term effects, and there is a lack of clarity about the presentation of the disorder beyond the age of five years. (more…)Recently featured: Emma Goldman – Cannibal Holocaust – Dawson Creek, British ColumbiaArchive – By email – More featured articles…Did you know…From Wikipedia’s newest articles:…that Rev. D’Ewes Coke (pictured), colliery owner and philanthropist, was descended from Dr. George Coke (pictured), Bishop of Hereford who was charged with high treason?…that Helen Yglesias, best known for writing the 1981 novel Sweetsir, died one day before her 93rd birthday?…that New Zealand cricketer and Test match captain Merv Wallace has been called “the most under-rated cricketer to have worn the silver fern”?…that the Fifteen Guinea Special, one of the last British Rail steam services before the steam ban of 1968, was so called because of the high prices from popular demand for it?…that East German sprinter Sabine Günther won three gold medals in 4 x 100 metres relay at three different European Championships?…that rugby union footballer Farah Palmer captained the Black Ferns to three consecutive Women’s Rugby World Cup titles?…that Harlow Row was named for and designed by a former mayor of Poughkeepsie?…that Maseru, the capital of Lesotho, was founded in 1869 as a police camp?…that anti-conscription activist Ivan Toms served as the only physician for approximately 60,000 people in a Cape Flats shanty town during South Africa’s Apartheid era?Archive – Start a new article…In the newsAn airliner operated by Hewa Bora Airways crashes upon takeoff in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing at least 44 people.An alliance led by Silvio Berlusconi (pictured) of the People of Freedom party wins the general election in Italy.Trevor Immelman of South Africa wins the 2008 Masters Tournament at the Augusta National Golf Club.Jacques-Édouard Alexis is ousted as Prime Minister of Haiti following riots over the price of food.The Channel Island Sark abolishes the last remaining feudal system in Europe.The Grand National Party of President Lee Myung-bak wins a majority of seats in the National Assembly of South Korea.The Olympic torch relay is disrupted in London, Paris and San Francisco by protesters objecting to China’s human rights record.Wikinews – Recent deaths – More current events…On this day…April 20: Palm Sunday in Eastern Christianity (2008); Ridván begins at sunset in the Bahá’í Faith, 4/20 in cannabis culture.1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolved the Rump Parliament of the Commonwealth of England by force, eventually replacing it with the Barebone’s Parliament.1862 – French physiologist Louis Pasteur (pictured) and physiologist Claude Bernard completed the first test on pasteurization.1884 – Pope Leo XIII published the encyclical Humanum Genus, denouncing Freemasonry, the doctrine of a separation of church and state, and many other principles, some of which are today equated by most people with the founding ones of the United States.1968 – British Member of Parliament Enoch Powell made his controversial “Rivers of Blood” speech in opposition to immigration and anti-discrimination legislation, resulting in him being removed from the Shadow Cabinet.1978 – Soviet fighters shot down Korean Air Lines Flight 902 after it violated Soviet airspace and failed to respond to Soviet interceptors.More events: April 19 – April 20 – April 21Archive – By email – More anniversaries…Today’s featured pictureA Hairy Toad Lily (Tricyrtis hirta), one of the species of the Tricyrtis genus. They are perennial herbaceous plants that grow naturally at the edge of forests.Photo credit: André KarwathRecently featured: Ocybadistes walkeri – Red lionfish – 16″/50 caliber Mark 7 gunArchive – More featured pictures…